Direct speech and Indirect Sentences

Direct speech (Direct Speech) is a sentence when reported speech stating the actual words.Sentences are not connected by "that" it should be with (punctuation) commas.

Sentence (indirect speech) are sentences which when reported speech gives the substance of the words used by the speaker and not the actual words. In indirect speech sentences are associated with the word "that".

Tense reporting verb is not changed, but the present tense reported speech should be modified based on the form of a reporting verb.

Direct & Indirect Speech consists of 3 types:

I.     Statement  

II.    Command  

III.   Question

I. STATEMENT 

In Indirect Statement we use that word (that) as a liaison between the introductory sentence (introduce phrases) and the words reported (reported words). Introductory sentences in indirect statement is: 

He said 

He said to me            that reported + words 

He told me 

eg :

- Mary told her friends "I have been to Bali twice." 

- Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice. 

- Father said "I am going out of town tomorrow" 

- Father said that he was going out of town the following day.

II . COMMAND

 Command was divided into two (2 ) parts:

1 . positive Command

In order to add to our positive in front of the command line , as a liaison between the introductory sentence and orders were reported . Introductory sentences in these types are

 

to + infinitive
He asked me
He told me

e.g:

- He asked me " Open your book "
- He asked me to open my book .

- Mary told me " Stop talking to Jane "

- Mary told me to stop talking to Jane .
 

- Mother asked John " Pay attention to what I say "

- Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says .


2 . negative Command

In negative commands us not to add the commands are reported .

 e.g:

- Mary told John " Do not wait for me"
- Mary told John not to wait for her .

 - I told him " Do not mention it to anyone "

 - I told him not to mention it to anyone .

III. QUESTION

When the question directly (direct question) use question words such as Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, etc., then these words are used as intermediaries in reported Speech. Questions were reported berubaha be a positive form. Introductory sentence is

 positive Form
 

He asked me      where
                 

                 When etc.

eg:

- The man asked me: "Where do you live?"   

- The man asked me where I lived.

- John asked Mary: "Why do you get angry with me?"  

- John asked Mary why she got angry with him.

When the question was not directly asked to use words, and only the question in the form of "Yes and No Question", then we use the words if, Whether (if, if) as a liaison between the introductory sentences and questions were reported.

 eg:

- The boy asked John: "Does Mary live near here?"
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
 

- The teacher asked her: "Have you finished your homework?" 

- The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.

Example sentence

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Simple Present He said, “I go to Depok every month.”	Simple Past He said (that) he went to Depok every month.
Simple Past He said,”I went to Depok  every month.”	Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to Depok every month.
Present Perfect He said, “I have gone to Depok every month.”	Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to Depok every month.
Present Continuous He said,”I am going to Jakarta every month.”	Past Continuous He said (that) he was going to Jakarta every month.
Past Continuous He said, “I was going to Jakarta every month.”	Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been going to Jakarta every month.
Future (will) He said,”I will go to Jakarta every month.”	Would + verb He said (that) he would go to Jakarta every month.
Furure (going to) He said, “I am going to Jakarta every month.”	Past Continuous He said (that) he was going to Jakarta every month.

Referensi :

http://yudinda.blogspot.com/2013/03/tugas-direct-and-indirect-speech.html

http://inggrishbahasa.wordpress.com/lesson-english/english-grammar/179-2/

http://triicecsfabregas.blogspot.com/2012/03/direct-and-indirect-speech.html